OBGYN.net Clinical Collections
Endocrinology and Infertility
- CONTENTS -
OBGYN.net
Infertility Section
General Fertility Related Resources
Hormone Biosynthesis and Activity
Neuroendocrinology
Gamete Physiology, Fertilization, and Implantation
Endocrinology of Pregnancy
Development and Congenital Abnormalities
of the Female Reproductive Tract
Puberty
Amenorrhea
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Hirsutism
Menopause
Management
Female Infertility
Habitual Abortion
Male Infertility
Ovulation Induction
Assisted Reproductive Technologies
General Fertility Related Resources
- The Endocrine Basis of
Gynecological Practice
- An expert reviews gynecological endocrinology. Objectives: After viewing
this lecture, the practitioner should be able to understand basic gynecological endocrinology and apply this to
knowledge when evaluating complaints of abnormal menstrual bleeding, cessation of menses, etc.
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Clinical
Treatment of Infertility: A Practicable Algorithm
- Understanding and assessing the cost of medical coverage for the treatment of
infertility has long been a difficult
task for pharmaceutical benefit and HMO managers. A new comprehensive algorithm
now offers an accurate measurement of costs for this treatment for any employee population and for the entire range
of treatment options. This tool will allow pharmaceutical benefit and HMO managers to assess these costs as a component
of an overall health benefit, while also providing insights into the best treatment paths for covered patients.
- Note: Free registration with Medscape is required to access this article.
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Examining PTSD as a Complication of Infertility
- Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that may develop
following exposure to threatened or actual injury or death. While commonly associated with war or natural disaster,
symptoms of PTSD have been described in patients who are undergoing or who have completed infertility treatment
or high-risk pregnancies.
- Note: Free registration with Medscape is required to access this article.
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- Reproductive
Physiology
- By Peggy Neville.
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Overview
of Female Reproduction
- This article contains much basic information on female reproduction, as well
as information on endocrine causes of female infertility.
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- American Society for Reproductive Medicine
- The ASRM is an organization devoted to advancing knowledge and expertise in reproductive
medicine and biology. Established in 1944, the Society has since achieved national and international recognition
as the foremost organization promoting the study of reproduction and reproductive disorders.
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- ASRM Guidelines For
The Provision Of Infertility Services
- Infertility is a disease that exists when a couple has tried to conceive for
12 months during which time they have had intercourse without the use of contraception. Nearly 5 million American
couples in whom the female partner is 15 to 44 years of age report difficulty or delay in achieving a live birth,
and 1.3 million receive medical advice or treatment for infertility yearly.
- Biology of Reproduction
- Biology of Reproduction is the official journal of the Society for the Study
of Reproduction (SSR) and publishes original research on a broad range of topics in the field of reproductive biology,
as well as mini reviews on topics of current importance or controversy.
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- Center for Human Reproduction
- Includes information on gynecoradiology, surgical procedures, assisted reproduction,
pregnancy loss & journal abstracts.
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- Diagram of the IVF
Process
- This diagram provided by the IGO Medical Group of San Diego
- Directory of Infertility
Newsletters
- Compiled by Robin Hilborn
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- European Infertility Network
- E.I.N. is a non profit organization supporting the work of infertility support
associations, throughout European Member States. Their work is dedicated to providing good quality information
on Assisted Human Reproduction.
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- Fertility
Weekly
- A weekly digest on Fertility and Human Reproduction
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- FertiNet
- Fully dedicated to the science and practice of Assisted Fertilization and Human
Reproduction. Its primary aim is to stimulate information dissemination among professional workers, researchers
and patients in this field.
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- Fertility Conference Update Atlanta Reproductive Health Centre
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- Human Reproduction
- Clinical, pathologic and pharmacologic correlations - a resource managed by the
University of Utah
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- Infertility Subject Matter
Experts
- Lists infertility subject matter experts who are willing to share their expertise,
for one of the following purposes: speak at symposiums or conferences, speak with the news media, provide consulting
to physicians.
- Professional Societies and
Organizations Related To Infertility
- Links to professional societies and organizations related to infertility provided
by Istituto Scientifico H San Raffaele -- Reproductive Medicine Unit.
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- The British Fertility Society
- The British Fertility Society (BFS) comprises clinicians, scientists, nurses,
counselors and other interested parties working in the fields of human fertility and subfertility, reproductive
medicine and reproductive biology throughout the UK. There are currently over 800 members of the Society.
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- Society for the Study of Fertility
- The membership of the society is international, covering a wide range of disciplines
associated with fertility related research. Members are drawn from a variety of clinical, academic and governmental
research institutions, in addition to commercial organizations of various descriptions. Membership is by proposal
by an existing member of the society, followed by a ballot.
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- Society for the Study of Reproduction
- SSR
- The Society for the Study of Reproduction (SSR) was founded on June 21, 1967,
to promote the study of reproduction by fostering interdisciplinary communication among scientists, holding conferences,
and publishing meritorious studies.
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- International Council on Infertility Information
Dissemination (INCIID)
- The International Council on Infertility Information Dissemination (INCIID---pronounced
"inside") is a nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting the exchange of information between fertility
experts and those who suffer from infertility and pregnancy loss.
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- The American Surrogacy Center,
Inc. (TASC)
- The American Surrogacy Center, Inc., headquartered in Marietta, Georgia, was
founded in March of 1996 for the primary purpose of disseminating information on surrogacy.
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- Fertility Clinics
- This webpage lists fertility clinics, which provide assisted reproductive medical
services. In some cases this includes donor egg services.
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- Infertility Organizations
- Links to the webpages of infertility organizations, from the Internet Health
Resources website.
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- Infertility Resources
- The site provides information about IVF, GIFT, TET, ICSI, egg donor, fertility
clinics, donor egg and surrogacy services (e.g., surrogate mothers), infertility books and journals, infertility
newsgroups and support organizations, Metrodin, Pergonal, Clomid, and adoption.
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- UIC Andrology (Male
Infertility/Sperm Bank) Laboratory Home Page
- The University Andrology Laboratory provides physicians and their patients
with all forms of male infertility testing, as well as operating a Patient Sperm Banking Program and a Donor Sperm
Program.
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- Immune System Linked to Infertility
- Immunological factors are associated with reproductive failure and have an important
role in breastfeeding according to presenters at the annual meeting of the American College of Allergy, Asthma
and Immunology (ACAAI)
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Hormone Biosynthesis and Activity
- Reproductive
Endocrinology in the Adult Female
- By Peggy Neville. This large, illustrated teaching file contains information
on ovarian function, actions of ovarian steroids, menopause, and hormonal contraception.
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- British Andrology Society
- The British Andrology Society (BAS) is a group of scientists and clinicians (currently
200+ members) working in Reproductive Medicine/Biology primarily within the UK but with a world-wide membership.
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- Nordic Association For Andrology
- Nordic Association for Andrology (NAFA) has for a couple of decades been the
meeting place for Nordic researchers and physicians interested in Andrology.
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- Introduction
to Hormone Disrupting Chemicals
- These pages provide an introduction to the effects of hormone disrupting chemicals
on man and the environment. Other terms used to describe these chemicals include xenoestrogens, oestrogenic (estrogenic),
hormone mimicking and endocrine disrupting chemicals.
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Neuroendocrinology
- Department of Neuroendocrinology Division
of Neuroscience & Psychological Medicine
- Charing Cross Hospital Fulham Palace Road, LONDON W6 8RF
- International Journal
for Basic and Clinical Studies on Neuroendocrine Relationships
- Official Journal of the International Society of Neuroendocrinology
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- The Neuroendocrine
Unit
- Directed by Dr. Alan Jacobs, provides an outpatient service within the Department
of Neurology at The New York Hospital- Cornell Medical Center.
- Rowett Research Institute,
The Molecular Neuroendocrinology Group
- Research interests of the Molecular Neuroendocrinology Group are largely centered
on the role of the neurohormone, melatonin.
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Gamete Physiology, Fertilization, and
Implantation
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Objective: Our purpose was to assess and clarify the mechanism of whether an
early progesterone rise in cycles with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) is associated with an impairment
of IVF outcome.
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Endocrinology of Pregnancy
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By Peggy Neville. This document contains information on pregnancy, functions
of the placenta, placental and maternal hormones during pregnancy, energy metabolism during pregnancy, and
parturition, as they relate to endocrinology.
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Development
and Congenital Abnormalities of the Female Reproductive Tract
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From the Genitourinary Radiology Review Manual published by The Department of
Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, and the Department of Radiology, Brooke Army
Medical Center.
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This lengthy document contains information on congenital uterine anomalies, such
as unicornuate and bicornuate uterus, as well as other disorders of the female reproductive system.
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Puberty
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Although delayed pubertal disorders are complex and rare, they are often
amenable to sex steroid hormone and/or growth hormone treatment.
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Note: Free registration with Medscape is required to view this article.
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Unlike the five gradual and distinct stages of normal pubertal development, precocious
puberty is characterized by rapid linear growth associated with rapid, premature skeletal maturation, usually resulting
in short adult stature. Effective treatments are now available for suppression of this abnormal development.
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Note: Free registration with Medscape is required to view this article.
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Amenorrhea
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From: University of Iowa Family Practice Handbook: Chapter 7: Gynecology.
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Adolescent girls with hypothalamic amenorrhea should start taking at least 1,000
mg of calcium daily through food or calcium supplements along with vitamin D to ensure proper bone acquisition
and prevent osteoporosis later in life, according to a New York expert.
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From: Medical Tribune: Obstetrician & Gynecologist Edition
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Hormone replacement therapy should be considered for adolescents who are recovering
from anorexia nervosa, Dr. Neville Golden said at a meeting on adolescent reproductive health.
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From: Pediatric News 32(2):43, 1998. © 1998 International Medical News Group
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) was originally described in 1905 by Stein
and Leventhal as a syndrome consisting of amenorrhea, hirsutism, and obesity in association with enlarged polycystic
ovaries. It is now realized that this relatively common syndrome is an extremely heterogenous clinical syndrome
that begins soon after menarche and some authors prefer to refer to it as a syndrome of hyperandrogenic chronic
anovulation.
- From The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, November 1997, p.
3728-3733
Hirsutism
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By Lorna A. Marshall, MD, Virginia Mason Clinic, Washington School of Medicine.
Note: Free registration with Medscape is required to access this article.
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Although hirsutism is common among women, the disorder is traditionally underreported,
and patients who seek treatment often do so for psychosocial reasons. Physicians, though, should recognize that
the condition--androgen-stimulated excessive hair growth--may signal potentially serious metabolic disorders, experts
said.
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From: Medical Tribune: Obstetrician & Gynecologist Edition
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Hirsutism is defined as excessive hair growth in women in androgen-sensitive
areas of the body, such as the face, chest, around the nipples, lower back and buttocks, inner thighs, and genitalia.
Hirsutism is usually a benign condition and is not accompanied by other signs of virilization.
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Hirsutism is a common disorder of androgen activity that manifests in women as
excessive growth of terminal hairs in androgen-dependent regions of the body. In most women with hirsutism, the
condition is idiopathic or caused by polycystic ovary syndrome. However, a thorough evaluation is necessary to
exclude more serious causes of hirsutism
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Female Infertility
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Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after sexual intercourse
for at least one year without contraception. Infertility affects approximately 10-15% of all couples in the
United States. Nearly 40-50% of infertility is attributed to the females. The first part of this paper
will attempt to describe the various causes of infertility in women. The second part will attempt to offer
many of the possible types of treatment to cure infertility in women
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From University of Iowa Family Practice Handbook: Chapter 7: Gynecology.
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Abstract. Camran Nezhat, MD, Scott Crowgey, MD, Farr Nezhat, MD; Fertility
and Sterility, 51:237, 1989
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Abstract. Camran Nezhat, MD, Wendy K. Winer, RN, BSN, Jeffrey D. Cooper,
MD, Farr Nezhat, MD, Ceana Nezhat, MD; J Reproductive Medicine, 0024-7758/89/3402-127
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Habitual Abortion
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By Joseph A. Hill, M.D., Director of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics,
Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Abstract from The Lancet, September 1990.
Male Infertility
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Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment
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Now it is possible to actually extract sperm from the testis of these patients,
and inject them into their wife's eggs. This is called TSEICSI (pronounced "sexy") - Testicular Sperm
Extraction with IntraCytoplasmic Sperm Injection.
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"Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has developed as a radical form
of micro-assisted fertilization [Fishel, et al., 1993; Van Steirteghem, et al., 1993]. It is a remarkably effective
procedure to assist fertilization for men with severe infertility [Van Steirteghem, et al., 1994]. However, it
bypasses all natural sperm selection processes that have evolved to regulate vertebrate fertilization, and the
long-term implications for the life expectancy and fertility of the children are unknown."
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Links to a number of professional societies of interest to Spermatologists.
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Offers a wide range of linkages to Spermatology and Fertility information.
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Ovulation Induction
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Assisted Reproductive Technologies
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These tables are summary statistics from the annual SART (Society of Assisted
Reproductive Technologies) reports that are published yearly in Fertility and Sterility. These reports of assisted
reproductive technologies are prepared by SART and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. They represent
voluntary reporting by programs registered with SART.
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In 1978, the first child from the advanced assisted reproductive technology of
in vitro fertilization was born. Five years later, identical twins were born after transfer of an embryo that had
previously been frozen and thawed. In 1988, a pregnancy was reported from an egg that had undergone assisted fertilization
by placing spermatozoa directly into the perivitelline space using micromanipulation. The very rapid progress of
assisted reproductive technologies in humans was possible because of the immense foundation of basic research on
the events surrounding fertilization and early development. These studies have been in progress for decades.
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Assisted hatching (AH) may help with embryo implantation. Embryo implantation
is one of the greatest barriers to success in In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) cycles.
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Objective: To investigate the potential advantages of epidural anesthesia in
an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program.
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These new IVF techniques have significantly improved chances for a successful
pregnancy in many In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) patients. Micromanipulation is useful for patients whose partners
have severe male factor infertility.
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Of paramount importance in a program of in vitro fertilization (IVF) is a deliberate
attempt to simulate, as closely as possible, the events that occur naturally in oocyte maturation and fertilization.
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NH&MRC Supplementary Note 4 (1982) Invitro fertilization and embryo transfer
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